ITS Solutions to Transportation Problems

The following is a list of transportation problems
which are addressed by market packages:

Traffic congestion
Lack of mobility and accessibility
Disconnected transportation modes
Severe budgetary constraints
Transportation following emergencies
Traffic accidents, injuries, and fatalities
Air pollution
Safety and security
Goods movement delays
Unanticipated transportation needs
Lack of transportation information

Traffic congestion problem / solution pairs,
and the National ITS Architecture

Problem

Solution

Conventional Approach

Advanced Systems Approach	Supporting Market Packages

Considerations

Traffic congestion

Increase passenger throughput

• Car pooling
• Fixed route transit
• HOV lanes

Flexible route transit	APTS03 - Demand Response Transit Operations
HOV lane management	ATMS05 - HOV Lane Management
Integrate transit and feeder services	APTS07 - Multi-modal Coordination
New personalized public transit	APTS02 - Transit Fixed-Route Operations
New personalized public transit	APTS08 - Transit Traveler Information
Real-time ride matching	ATIS08 - Dynamic Ridesharing
Regional transportation management systems	APTS09 - Transit Signal Priority

• Privacy and personal security

Increase roadway capacity (vehicular throughput)

• New lanes
• New roads

Advanced traffic control	ATMS03 - Surface Street Control
	ATMS04 - Freeway Control
	ATMS18 - Reversible Lane Management
Advanced vehicle systems (reduce headway)	AVSS08 - Advanced Vehicle Longitudinal Control
Advanced vehicle systems (reduce headway)	AVSS11 - Automated Vehicle Operations
Corridor management	ATMS07 - Regional Traffic Management
	ATMS09 - Traffic Decision Support and Demand Management
	ATMS15 - Railroad Operations Coordination
	ATMS20 - Drawbridge Management
	MC06 - Winter Maintenance
Electronic toll collection	ATMS10 - Electronic Toll Collection
Incident management	ATMS08 - Traffic Incident Management System
Incident management	EM08 - Disaster Response and Recovery
Maintenance and work zone management	MC01 - Maintenance and Construction Vehicle and Equipment Tracking
Maintenance and work zone management	MC10 - Maintenance and Construction Activity Coordination

Conventional
• Environmental constraints
• High cost of construction
• Land use and community resistance

Advanced
• Inter-jurisdictional issues
• Latent demand effects
• Near-term services yield modest benefits

Manage transportation system more efficiently

• Respond to problems called in by public

Probe surveillance

ATMS02 - Traffic Probe Surveillance

Reduce demand

• Flex time programs

Provide route guidance to smooth demand	ATIS04 - Dynamic Route Guidance
	ATIS05 - ISP Based Trip Planning and Route Guidance
	ATIS08 - Dynamic Ridesharing
Telecommuting and other telesubstitutions	--
Transportation pricing	ATMS10 - Electronic Toll Collection

• Significant component of demand relatively inelastic

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Lack of mobility and accessibility problem / solution pairs,
and the National ITS Architecture

Problem

Solution

Conventional Approach

Advanced Systems Approach	Supporting Market Packages

Considerations

Lack of mobility and accessibility

Provide user friendly access to quality transportation services

• Expand fixed route transit and paratransit services
• Radio and TV traffic reports

Automatic vehicle location	APTS01 - Transit Vehicle Tracking
Common, enhanced fare card	APTS04 - Transit Fare Collection Management
Multi-modal and pre-trip traveler information services	ATIS01 - Broadcast Traveler Information
Multi-modal pre-trip and en-route traveler information services	ATIS02 - Interactive Traveler Information
	EM10 - Disaster Traveler Information
Personalized public transportation services	APTS03 - Demand Response Transit Operations
Provide route guidance and turn by turn directions	ATIS03 - Autonomous Route Guidance
Real-time transit traveler information dissemination	APTS08 - Transit Traveler Information
Respond dynamically to changing demand	APTS03 - Demand Response Transit Operations
	ATMS16 - Parking Facility Management
	ATMS17 - Regional Parking Management

Conventional
• Declining ridership

Advanced
• Equitable access to information
• Interjurisdictional cooperation
• Standards

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Disconnected transportation modes problem / solution pairs,
and the National ITS Architecture

Problem

Solution

Conventional Approach

Advanced Systems Approach	Supporting Market Packages

Considerations

Disconnected transportation modes

Improve intermodality

• Inter-agency agreements

Disseminate multi-mode information pre-trip and en-route	APTS08 - Transit Traveler Information
Regional transportation information clearinghouse	ATIS06 - Transportation Operations Data Sharing
Regional transportation management systems	APTS07 - Multi-modal Coordination
Regional transportation management systems	ATMS07 - Regional Traffic Management

Conventional
• Often static and/or slow to adapt as needs change

Advanced
• Existing system incompatibilities
• Standards

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Severe budgetary constraints problem / solution pairs,
and the National ITS Architecture

Problem

Solution

Conventional Approach

Advanced Systems Approach	Supporting Market Packages

Considerations

Severe budgetary constraints

Improved transportation planning

Transportation data storage and analysis

APTS10 - Transit Passenger Counting

Leverage new funding sources

• Concierge/Voice service

Increased emphasis on fee-for-use services	ATIS02 - Interactive Traveler Information
	ATIS05 - ISP Based Trip Planning and Route Guidance
	ATIS07 - Yellow Pages and Reservation
	ATMS10 - Electronic Toll Collection

• Equity

Use existing funding efficiently

• Existing funding authorizations and selection processes

Adaptive systems increase operational efficiency	ATMS12 - Roadside Lighting System Control
Advanced maintenance strategies	APTS06 - Transit Fleet Management
	MC02 - Maintenance and Construction Vehicle Maintenance
	MC07 - Roadway Maintenance and Construction
	MC12 - Infrastructure Monitoring
Barter right-of-way	--
Privatization	--
Public-private partnerships	--

• Market uncertainties make private sector cautious
• Telecommunications deregulation makes right-of-way barter a near-term opportunity

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Transportation following emergencies problem / solution pairs,
and the National ITS Architecture

Problem

Solution

Conventional Approach

Advanced Systems Approach	Supporting Market Packages

Considerations

Transportation following emergencies

Coordinate multi-agency response

• Review and improve existing emergency plans

Establish emergency response center (ERC)	ATMS08 - Traffic Incident Management System
Establish emergency response center (ERC)	EM01 - Emergency Call-Taking and Dispatch
Internetwork ERC with law enforcement, emergency units, traffic management, transit, …	EM02 - Emergency Routing
	EM04 - Roadway Service Patrols
	EM08 - Disaster Response and Recovery
	EM09 - Evacuation and Reentry Management
	EM10 - Disaster Traveler Information

Conventional
• Interagency coordination challenges

Advanced
• Interagency coordination challenges
• Standards

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Traffic accidents, injuries, and fatalities problem / solution pairs,
and the National ITS Architecture

Problem

Solution

Conventional Approach

Advanced Systems Approach	Supporting Market Packages

Considerations

Traffic accidents, injuries, and fatalities

Improve safety

• Driver training
• Grade separate crossings
• Improve roadway geometry (increase radius of curvature, widen lanes,...)
• Improve sight distances
• Lighten dark roads to improve visibility/better lighting
• Reduce speed limits/post warnings in problem areas
• Sobriety check points
• Traffic signals, protected left hand turns at intersections

Advanced fleet and freight management	CVO01 - Fleet Administration
Advanced fleet and freight management	CVO02 - Freight Administration
Advanced grade crossing systems	ATMS13 - Standard Railroad Grade Crossing
Advanced grade crossing systems	ATMS14 - Advanced Railroad Grade Crossing
Automated detection of adverse weather and road conditions, vehicle warning, and road crew notification	ATIS09 - In Vehicle Signing
	ATMS01 - Network Surveillance
	ATMS06 - Traffic Information Dissemination
	ATMS21 - Roadway Closure Management
	EM06 - Wide-Area Alert
	EM07 - Early Warning System
	EM09 - Evacuation and Reentry Management
	EM10 - Disaster Traveler Information
	MC03 - Road Weather Data Collection
	MC04 - Weather Information Processing and Distribution
	MC05 - Roadway Automated Treatment
	MC11 - Environmental Probe Surveillance
Automated emergency notification	EM03 - Mayday and Alarms Support
Automated warning systems	ATIS09 - In Vehicle Signing
	ATMS19 - Speed Monitoring
	MC09 - Work Zone Safety Monitoring
Coordinated incident management	CVO10 - HAZMAT Management
Driver condition monitoring	AVSS02 - Driver Safety Monitoring
Driver vision enhancement	AVSS07 - Driver Visibility Improvement
Intersection collision avoidance	AVSS10 - Intersection Collision Avoidance
On-board commercial vehicle safety monitoring and reporting	CVO08 - On-board CVO and Freight Safety and Security
On-board commercial vehicle safety monitoring and reporting	CVO09 - CVO Fleet Maintenance
Partially and fully automated vehicle control systems	AVSS01 - Vehicle Safety Monitoring
	AVSS02 - Driver Safety Monitoring
	AVSS03 - Longitudinal Safety Warning
	AVSS04 - Lateral Safety Warning
	AVSS05 - Intersection Safety Warning
	AVSS06 - Pre-Crash Restraint Deployment
	AVSS07 - Driver Visibility Improvement
	AVSS08 - Advanced Vehicle Longitudinal Control
	AVSS09 - Advanced Vehicle Lateral Control
	AVSS10 - Intersection Collision Avoidance
	AVSS11 - Automated Vehicle Operations
	AVSS12 - Cooperative Vehicle Safety Systems
Vehicle condition monitoring	AVSS01 - Vehicle Safety Monitoring

Conventional
• High costs
• Human error is primary cause

Advanced
• High speed grade crossing systems may require extended closure times
• Mixed results for initial collision warning devices
• Relatively slow roll out for AVSS services anticipated
• Tort liability issues hinder innovative deployments

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Air pollution problem / solution pairs,
and the National ITS Architecture

Problem

Solution

Conventional Approach

Advanced Systems Approach	Supporting Market Packages

Considerations

Air pollution

Increase transportation system efficiency, reduce travel and fuel consumption

• Increased capacity to reduce vehicle delay
• More efficient conventional vehicles
• Promotion of alternatives to single occupant vehicle travel
• Regulations
• Vehicle emissions inspections

Advanced traffic management to smooth flows	ATMS03 - Surface Street Control
	ATMS04 - Freeway Control
	ATMS07 - Regional Traffic Management
	ATMS19 - Speed Monitoring
	MC08 - Work Zone Management
Alternative fuel vehicles	--
Multi-modal pre-trip info	ATIS02 - Interactive Traveler Information
Provide route guidance to smooth demand	ATIS04 - Dynamic Route Guidance
Provide route guidance to smooth demand	ATIS05 - ISP Based Trip Planning and Route Guidance
Real-time ride matching	ATIS08 - Dynamic Ridesharing
Remote sensing of emissions	ATMS11 - Emissions Monitoring and Management
Telecommuting and other telesubstitutions	--
Transportation pricing	ATMS10 - Electronic Toll Collection

Conventional
• Increasing demand can offset initial benefit of added capacity.
• Regulations, inspections are unpopular and onerous

Advanced
• Increasing demand can offset efficiency improvements

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Safety and security problem / solution pairs,
and the National ITS Architecture

Problem

Solution

Conventional Approach

Advanced Systems Approach	Supporting Market Packages

Considerations

Safety and security

Improve safety

Surveillance and sensor monitoring

APTS05 - Transit Security

Protection of assets

• Lock and key
• Manned guard posts, video surveillance

Asset tracking	CVO02 - Freight Administration
Asset tracking	CVO13 - Freight Assignment Tracking
Biometric identification	CVO12 - CV Driver Security Authentication
Electronic seals, GPS tracking	CVO02 - Freight Administration
Electronic seals, GPS tracking	CVO08 - On-board CVO and Freight Safety and Security
Threat detection	CVO11 - Roadside HAZMAT Security Detection and Mitigation
	CVO12 - CV Driver Security Authentication
	EM05 - Transportation Infrastructure Protection

Conventional
• Need to protect privacy, maintain balance between privacy and security

Advanced
• Need to protect privacy, maintain balance between privacy and security

Provide user friendly access to quality transportation services

• Call boxes
• Provide maps

Mayday services	EM03 - Mayday and Alarms Support
Provide route guidance and turn by turn directions	ATIS03 - Autonomous Route Guidance

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Goods movement delays problem / solution pairs,
and the National ITS Architecture

Problem

Solution

Conventional Approach

Advanced Systems Approach	Supporting Market Packages

Considerations

Goods movement delays

Improved efficiency in vehicle/cargo clearance

• Visual/Human inspection

Efficient use of fleet/freight resources	CVO01 - Fleet Administration
Efficient use of fleet/freight resources	CVO02 - Freight Administration
Support electronic clearance	CVO03 - Electronic Clearance
	CVO04 - CV Administrative Processes
	CVO05 - International Border Electronic Clearance
	CVO06 - Weigh-In-Motion
	CVO07 - Roadside CVO Safety

Conventional
• Proper training and retraining of inspectors may be necessary to address new threats

Advanced
• Proper training and retraining of inspectors may be necessary to address new threats

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Unanticipated transportation needs problem / solution pairs,
and the National ITS Architecture

Problem

Solution

Conventional Approach

Advanced Systems Approach	Supporting Market Packages

Considerations

Unanticipated transportation needs

Improved transportation planning

• Visual inspection and case history

Transportation data storage and analysis	AD1 - ITS Data Mart
	AD2 - ITS Data Warehouse
	AD3 - ITS Virtual Data Warehouse

Conventional
• Funding to support analysis to accommodate the dynamic nature of transportation growth

Advanced
• Funding to support analysis to accommodate the dynamic nature of transportation growth

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Lack of transportation information problem / solution pairs,
and the National ITS Architecture

Problem

Solution

Conventional Approach

Advanced Systems Approach	Supporting Market Packages

Considerations

Lack of transportation information

Provide user friendly access to quality transportation services

• Concierge/Voice service

Provide route guidance and turn by turn directions	ATIS03 - Autonomous Route Guidance
Real-time traffic conditions monitoring and reporting	ATIS02 - Interactive Traveler Information
Real-time traffic conditions monitoring and reporting	ATIS10 - VII Traveler Information

Advanced
• Sufficient and accurate information is necessary to gain public trust

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Hypertext Architecture Version 6.1 generated on 1/7/2009 from the following databases
Physical Architecture dated 12/15/2008,
Logical Architecture dated 12/2/2008,
Market Packages dated 12/14/2008,
Security dated 11/13/2008,
User Services dated 4/9/2007,
Theory of Operations dated 12/14/2008,
AppMap dated 12/19/2008 and the
SDOMAP dated 12/12/2008